This main consequence of the ontogenesis, inevitably leads to the degradation resulting in organism aging.Aging of the Immune System: Research Challenges to Enhance the Health Span of Older Adults Laura Haynes UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Micine, Farmington, CT, Unit States The world’s population is aging, which brings about huge scientific challenges. Since the biological process of aging is by far the greatest risk factor for most chronic diseases, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aging leads to these conditions is of vital importance to increase the health span of older adults.
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One of the most prominent biological systems to face the impacts of aging is the immune system, with age-relat changes in immunity ing responsible for an increase in susceptibility to infectious diseases and a decrease in the effectiveness of vaccinations. In addition, the innate immune system is responsible for one of the main characteristics of Indonesia Email List aging, namely, the increase in low-grade inflammation known as inflammaging. Five research challenges present themselves: the origins and impact of age-relat inflammation, the impact of senescence on immunity, age-relat changes in immune function, the effects of decreas immune function on infection and vaccination, and strategies to overcome declining immunity.
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These are all especially important at this time, since aging is a major risk factor for the development of severe complications from infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, and bacterial pneumonia. Aging and inflammation (Inflammaging) One of the main characteristics of aging is chronic activation of the immune system that results in low-grade inflammation which is mainly driven by macrophages (Franceschi et al., 2000). The age-relat mechanisms responsible for driving this inflammation include cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy, activation of the inflammasome, activation of the DNA damage TH Lists response, changes in the composition of the microbiome, and chronic infections such as those caus by human cytomegalovirus.