O-GlcNAcylation is a protein posttranslational modification that results in the addition of O-GlcNAc to Ser/Thr residues. Since its discovery in the 1980s, it has en shown to play an important role in a broad range of cellular functions by modifying nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins. The addition of O-GlcNAc is catalyz by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and its removal is catalyz by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation change in response to nutrient availability and metabolic, oxidative, and proteotoxic stress. OGT and OGA levels, activity, and target engagement are also regulat.
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Together, this results in adaptive and, on occasions, detrimental responses that affect cellular function and survival, which impact a broad range of pathologies and aging. Over the past several decades, approaches and tools to aid the investigation of the regulation and consequences of protein O-GlcNAcylation have en develop and enhanc. This Fiji Email List review is divid into two sections: 1) We will first focus on current standard and advanc technical approaches for assessing enzymatic activities of OGT and OGT, assessing the global and specific protein O-GlcNAcylation and 2) we will summarize in vivo findings of functional consequences of changing protein O-GlcNAcylation, using genetic and pharmacological approaches.
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Introduction O-GlcNAcylation is a protein posttranslational modification highly sensitive to nutrient availability and stress, which modifies proteins associat with several cellular metabolic pathways. Clearly, then as now an understanding of the fundamental biology and chemistry of aging is an essential goal for modern scientific research. Despite the long history of the fascination of a long life, aging research as a systematic scientific effort is a recent affair. In the Unit States, the Aging Relat Unit in the National Institutes of Health was form in the 1940s, first in the NIH Division of chemotherapy, then mov to Baltimore City Hospital TH Lists under the direction of Nathan Shock. In 1974 the National Institute of Aging (NIA) came an independent institute with a focus on aging biology and age relat diseases.
